PIC32MX Instuction Set

The PIC32MX core execution unit implements a load/ store architecture with single-cycle ALU operations (logical, shift, add, subtract) and an autonomous multiply/divide unit. The PIC32MX core contains thirty-two 32-bit general-purpose registers used for integer operations and address calculation. One additional register file shadow set (containing thirty-two registers) is added to minimize context switching overhead during interrupt/exception processing. The register file consists of two read ports and one write port and is fully bypassed to minimize operation latency in the pipeline.

The execution unit includes:

CPU Instructions, Grouped by Function

CPU instructions are organized into the following functional groups:

Each instruction is 32 bits long.

CPU Load and Store Instructions

MIPS processors use a load/store architecture; all operations are performed on operands held in processor registers and main memory is accessed only through load and store instructions.

Types of Loads and Stores

There are several different types of load and store instructions, each designed for a different purpose:

List of CPU Load and Store Instructions

The following data sizes (as defined in the AccessLength field) are transferred by CPU load and store instructions:

Signed and unsigned integers of different sizes are supported by loads that either sign-extend or zero-extend the data loaded into the register.

Unaligned words and doublewords can be loaded or stored in just two instructions by using a pair of special instructions. For loads a LWL instruction is paired with a LWR instruction. The load instructions read the left-side or right-side bytes (left or right side of register) from an aligned word and merge them into the correct bytes of the destination register.

Loads and Stores Used for Atomic Updates

The paired instructions, Load Linked and Store Conditional, can be used to perform an atomic read-modify-write of word or doubleword cached memory locations. These instructions are used in carefully coded sequences to provide one of several synchronization primitives, including test-and-set, bit-level locks, semaphores, and sequencers and event counts.

Coprocessor Loads and Stores

If a particular coprocessor is not enabled, loads and stores to that processor cannot execute and the attempted load or store causes a Coprocessor Unusable exception. Enabling a coprocessor is a privileged operation provided by the System Control Coprocessor, CP0.

Instructions

Instruction Description Function
ADD Integer Add Rd = Rs + Rt
ADDI Integer Add Immediate Rt = Rs + Immed
ADDIU Unsigned Integer Add Immediate Rt = Rs +U Immed
ADDIUPC Unsigned Integer Add Immediate to PC
(MIPS16e™ only)
Rt = PC +u Immed
ADDU Unsigned Integer Add Rd = Rs +U Rt
AND Logical AND Rd = Rs & Rt
ANDI Logical AND Immediate Rt = Rs & Immed
B Unconditional Branch
(Assembler idiom for: BEQ r0, r0, offset)
PC += (int)offset
BALBranch and Link
(Assembler idiom for: BGEZAL r0, offset)
GPR[31] = PC + 8
PC += (int)offset
BEQ Branch On Equal
if Rs == Rt
   PC += (int)offset
BEQL Branch On Equal Likely
if Rs == Rt
   PC += (int)offset
else
   Ignore Next Instruction
BGEZ Branch on Greater Than or Equal To Zero
if !Rs[31]
   PC += (int)offset
BGEZAL Branch on Greater Than or Equal To Zero
And Link
GPR[31] = PC + 8
if !Rs[31]
   PC += (int)offset
BGEZALL Branch on Greater Than or Equal To Zero
And Link Likely
GPR[31] = PC + 8
if !Rs[31]
   PC += (int)offset
else
   Ignore Next Instruction
BGEZL Branch on Greater Than or Equal To Zero
Likely
if !Rs[31]
   PC += (int)offset
else
   Ignore Next Instruction
BGTZ Branch on Greater Than Zero
	
if !Rs[31] && Rs != 0
   PC += (int)offset
BGTZL Branch on Greater Than Zero Likely
if !Rs[31] && Rs != 0
   PC += (int)offset
else
   Ignore Next Instruction
BLEZ Branch on Less Than or Equal to Zero
if Rs[31] || Rs == 0
   PC += (int)offset

Instruction Description Function
BLEZ Branch on Less Than or Equal to Zero
if Rs[31] || Rs == 0
   PC += (int)offset
BLEZL Branch on Less Than or Equal to Zero Likely
if Rs[31] || Rs == 0
   PC += (int)offset
else
   Ignore Next Instruction
BLTZ Branch on Less Than Zero
if Rs[31]
   PC += (int)offset
BLTZAL Branch on Less Than Zero And Link
GPR[31] = PC + 8
if Rs[31]
   PC += (int)offset
BLTZALL Branch on Less Than Zero And Link Likely
GPR[31] = PC + 8
if Rs[31]
   PC += (int)offset
else
   Ignore Next Instruction
BLTZL Branch on Less Than Zero Likely
if Rs[31]
   PC += (int)offset
else
   Ignore Next Instruction
BNE Branch on Not Equal
if Rs != Rt
   PC += (int)offset
BNEL Branch on Not Equal Likely
if Rs != Rt
    PC += (int)offset
else
   Ignore Next Instruction
BREAK Breakpoint Break Exception
CLO Count Leading Ones Rd = NumLeadingOnes(Rs)
CLZ Count Leading Zeroes Rd = NumLeadingZeroes(Rs)
COP0 Coprocessor 0 Operation See Software User’s Manual
DERET Return from Debug Exception
PC = DEPC
Exit Debug Mode
DI Atomically Disable Interrupts Rt = Status; StatusIE = 0
DIV Divide
LO = (int)Rs / (int)Rt
HI = (int)Rs % (int)Rt
DIVU Unsigned Divide
LO = (uns)Rs / (uns)Rt
HI = (uns)Rs % (uns)Rt
EHB Execution Hazard Barrier Stop instruction execution
until execution hazards are cleared
EI Atomically Enable Interrupts Rt = Status; StatusIE = 1
ERET Return from Exception
if SR[2]
   PC = ErrorEPC
else
   PC = EPC
SR[1] = 0
SR[2] = 0
LL = 0
EXT Extract Bit Field Rt = ExtractField(Rs, pos, size)

Instruction Description Function
INS Insert Bit Field Rt = InsertField(Rs, Rt, pos, size)
J Unconditional Jump PC = PC[31:28] | offset<<2
JAL Jump and Link
GPR[31] = PC + 8
PC = PC[31:28] | offset<<2
JALR Jump and Link Register
Rd = PC + 8
PC = Rs
JALR.HB Jump and Link Register with Hazard Barrier Like JALR, but also clears execution
and instruction hazards
JALRC Jump and Link Register Compact (MIPS16e only)
– do not execute instruction in jump delay slot
Rd = PC + 2
PC = Rs
JR Jump Register PC = Rs
JR.HB Jump Register with Hazard Barrier Like JR, but also clears execution
and instruction hazards
JRC Jump Register Compact (MIPS16e only)
– do not execute instruction in jump delay slot
PC = Rs
LB Load Byte Rt = (byte)Mem[Rs+offset]
LBU Unsigned Load Byte Rt = (ubyte))Mem[Rs+offset]
LH Load Halfword Rt = (half)Mem[Rs+offset]
LHU Unsigned Load Halfword Rt = (uhalf)Mem[Rs+offset]
LL Load Linked Word
Rt = Mem[Rs+offset]
LL = 1
LLAdr = Rs + offset
LUI Load Upper Immediate Rt = immediate << 16
LW Load Word Rt = Mem[Rs+offset]
LWPC Load Word, PC relative Rt = Mem[PC+offset]
LWL Load Word Left See Architecture Reference Manual
LWR Load Word Right See Architecture Reference Manual
MADD Multiply-Add HI | LO += (int)Rs * (int)Rt
MADDU Multiply-Add Unsigned HI | LO += (uns)Rs * (uns)Rt
MFC0 Move From Coprocessor 0 Rt = CPR[0, Rd, sel]
MFHI Move From HI Rd = HI
MFLO Move From LO Rd = LO
MOVN Move Conditional on Not Zero
if Rt != 0 then
   Rd = Rs
MOVZ Move Conditional on Zero
if Rt = 0 then
   Rd = Rs
MSUB Multiply-Subtract HI | LO -= (int)Rs * (int)Rt
MSUBU Multiply-Subtract Unsigned HI | LO -= (uns)Rs * (uns)Rt
MTC0 Move To Coprocessor 0 CPR[0, n, Sel] = Rt
MTHI Move To HI HI = Rs
MTLO Move To LO LO = Rs
MUL Multiply with register write
HI | LO = Unpredictable
Rd = ((int)Rs * (int)Rt)31..0
MULT Integer Multiply HI | LO = (int)Rs * (int)Rd
MULTU Unsigned Multiply HI | LO = (uns)Rs * (uns)Rd

Instruction Description Function
NOP No Operation Assembler idiom for:
SLL r0, r0, r0
NOR Logical NOR Rd = ~(Rs | Rt)
OR Logical OR Rd = Rs | Rt
ORI Logical OR Immediate Rt = Rs | Immed
RDHWR Read Hardware Register Allows unprivileged access to
registers enabled by HWREna register
RDPGPR Read GPR from Previous Shadow Set Rt = SGPR[SRSCtlPSS, Rd]
RESTORE Restore registers and deallocate stack frame
(MIPS16e™ only)
See Architecture Reference Manual
ROTR Rotate Word Right Rd = Rt[sa-1:0] | Rt[31:sa]
ROTRV Rotate Word Right Variable Rd = Rt[Rs-1:0] | Rt[31:Rs]
SAVE Save registers and allocate stack frame
(MIPS16e only)
See Architecture Reference Manual
SB Store Byte (byte)Mem[Rs+offset] = Rt
SC Store Conditional Word
if LL = 1
   mem[Rs+offset] = Rt
Rt = LL
SDBBP Software Debug Break Point Trap to SW Debug Handler
SEB Sign-Extend Byte Rd = (byte)Rs
SEH Sign-Extend Half Rd = (half)Rs
SH Store Half (half)Mem[Rs+offset] = Rt
SLL Shift Left Logical Rd = Rt << sa
SLLV Shift Left Logical Variable Rd = Rt << Rs[4:0]
SLT Set on Less Than
if (int)Rs < (int)Rt
   Rd = 1
else
   Rd = 0
SLTI Set on Less Than Immediate
if (int)Rs < (int)Immed
   Rt = 1
else
   Rt = 0
SLTIU Set on Less Than Immediate Unsigned
if (uns)Rs < (uns)Immed
   Rt = 1
else
   Rt = 0
SLTU Set on Less Than Unsigned
if (uns)Rs < (uns)Immed
   Rd = 1
else
   Rd = 0
SRA Shift Right Arithmetic Rd = (int)Rt >> sa
SRAV Shift Right Arithmetic Variable Rd = (int)Rt >> Rs[4:0]
SRL Shift Right Logical Rd = (uns)Rt >> sa
SRLV Shift Right Logical Variable Rd = (uns)Rt >> Rs[4:0]
SSNOP Superscalar Inhibit No Operation NOP
SUB Integer Subtract Rt = (int)Rs - (int)Rd
SUBU Unsigned SubtractRt = (uns)Rs - (uns)Rd
SW Store Word Mem[Rs+offset] = Rt
SWL Store Word Left See Architecture Reference Manual

Instruction Description Function
SWR Store Word Right See Architecture Reference Manual
SYNC Synchronize See Software User’s Manual
SYSCALL System Call SystemCallException
TEQ Trap if Equal
if Rs == Rt
   TrapException
TEQI Trap if Equal Immediate
if Rs == (int)Immed
   TrapException
TGE Trap if Greater Than or Equal
if (int)Rs >= (int)Rt
    TrapException
TGEI Trap if Greater Than or Equal Immediate
if (int)Rs >= (int)Immed
   TrapException
TGEIU Trap if Greater Than or Equal Immediate Unsigned
if (uns)Rs >= (uns)Immed
   TrapException
TGEU Trap if Greater Than or Equal Unsigned
if (uns)Rs >= (uns)Rt
    TrapException
TLT Trap if Less Than
if (int)Rs < (int)Rt
   TrapException
TLTI Trap if Less Than Immediate
if (int)Rs < (int)Immed
   TrapException
TLTIU Trap if Less Than Immediate Unsigned
if (uns)Rs < (uns)Immed
   TrapException
TLTU Trap if Less Than Unsigned
if (uns)Rs < (uns)Rt
   TrapException
TNE Trap if Not Equal
if Rs != Rt
   TrapException
TNEI Trap if Not Equal Immediate
if Rs != (int)Immed
    TrapException
WAIT Wait for Interrupts Stall until interrupt occurs
WRPGPR Write to GPR in Previous Shadow Set SGPR[SRSCtlPSS, Rd] = Rt
WSBH Word Swap Bytes Within Halfwords Rd = Rt[23:16] | Rt[31:24] ...
| Rt[7:0] | Rt[15:8]
XOR Exclusive OR Rd = Rs ^ Rt
XORI Exclusive OR Immediate Rt = Rs ^ (uns)Immed
ZEB Zero-extend byte (MIPS16e™ only) Rt = (ubyte) Rs
ZEH Zero-extend half (MIPS16e only) Rt = (uhalf) Rs


Maintained by John Loomis, last updated 28 July 2008